Typha angustifolia, commonly known as Narrowleaf Cattail or Lesser Bulrush, is a perennial aquatic plant that belongs to the Typhaceae family. It is native to wetland habitats and is well-known for its distinctive cylindrical flower spikes and long, narrow leaves. Here's a detailed description and care guide for Typha angustifolia:

Description:
Typha angustifolia forms dense clumps of erect stems that can reach heights of 3-9 feet (1-3 meters). The stems are slender and unbranched, with long, linear leaves that grow along the length of the stem. The leaves are typically green, narrow, and have a parallel arrangement. The plant produces distinctive flower spikes that emerge from the top of the stems. The flower spikes are cylindrical in shape and covered with tiny, brownish florets. The male and female flowers are separated on the spikes, with the male flowers located at the top and the female flowers located below. After pollination, the female flowers develop into cylindrical seed heads that are covered in downy, cotton-like fibers. These seed heads persist through winter and disperse the seeds in the following spring.

Care Guide:

Water: Typha angustifolia is an aquatic plant that thrives in consistently moist or shallow water. It can tolerate a wide range of water depths, from a few inches to several feet. It prefers still or slow-moving water, such as ponds, marshes, and the edges of lakes and streams. Ensure that the water level is kept consistent and does not dry out completely. If grown in containers, ensure that the pots are submerged in water or placed in a tray with standing water.

Lighting: This plant prefers full sun to partial shade. It can tolerate some shade, but it generally performs best in bright light conditions. Adequate sunlight is important for promoting healthy growth and flowering. In hot climates, some afternoon shade may be beneficial to protect the plant from intense heat.

Soil: Typha angustifolia is adaptable to a variety of soil types, including clay, loam, or sandy soils. However, it prefers rich, organic soil that retains moisture well. If growing in containers, use a heavy, loamy soil mixed with aquatic planting media to provide adequate nutrients and moisture retention.

Temperature: This plant is hardy in USDA hardiness zones 3-9. It is adapted to a wide range of temperatures and can tolerate both cold and warm climates. It is relatively resilient and can withstand temperature fluctuations. However, extreme heat or severe frost may cause some damage to the plant.

Maintenance: Typha angustifolia is a low-maintenance plant. Remove any dead or yellowed leaves or spent flower spikes to maintain a neat appearance. As the plant can spread through rhizomes, it may require periodic division to prevent overcrowding. Dividing the clumps every few years also helps rejuvenate the plant and promote healthier growth.

Wildlife Value: Typha angustifolia is an important plant for wildlife. Its dense clumps provide nesting sites and cover for various bird species. The seed heads and foliage offer food and shelter for birds, insects, and small mammals. The plant also plays a role in stabilizing soil and preventing erosion in wetland habitats.

Typha angustifolia is an attractive and valuable plant for water gardens, ponds, and wetland restoration projects. Its unique flower spikes and long, narrow leaves make it a standout feature. By following these care guidelines, you can successfully grow Typha angustifolia and enjoy its beauty and ecological benefits in your landscape.